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Les soins infirmiers en oncologie: la recherche d’un équilibre dans un système de soins en évolution
Abstract
La restructuration des soins de santé a entraîné des changements importants sur le plan de la charge et du milieu de travail pour les infirmières en oncologie. De récentes études décrivent l’impact de ces changements sur l’ensemble de la main-d’oeuvre infirmière de plusieurs pays, mais aucune étude publiée n’a porté sur les questions de la vie au travail chez les infirmières en oncologie du Canada. C’est pour cette raison que nous avons mené une étude qualitative afin de bien saisir la manière dont les soins infirmiers en oncologie ont changé au cours de la dernière décennie et la manière dont les infirmières en oncologie du Canada gèrent ces changements. L’analyse des entrevues téléphoniques réalisées auprès de 51 infirmières en oncologie qui exercent actuellement au pays a permis de dégager trois thèmes principaux. Le premier « Le milieu des soins de santé » dessinait une image du milieu et du système des soins aux personnes atteintes de cancer ainsi que des changements qui avaient marqué la pratique infirmière et les populations de patients durant la décennie précédente. Le deuxième thème intitulé « Des intérêts contradictoires » se rapporte aux défis que les composantes du changement et les forces sociales ont présentés pour la pratique professionnelle des soins infirmiers en oncologie. Quant au troisième thème, « Trouver le moyen », il décrit les types de comportement utilisés par les infirmières en oncologie pour gérer l’évolution des soins de santé et pour trouver un sens dans leur travail. Dans l’ensemble, le portrait des infirmières en oncologie canadiennes ébauché à l’aide de nos résultats, révèle qu’elles fonctionnent en mode survie. Elles font face à de nombreux défis dans leur lieu de travail et sont capables de continuer pour l’instant parce qu’elles trouvent jour après jour le moyen d’équilibrer leurs responsabilités et parce qu’elles croient et savent que leurs compétences et connaissances infirmières spécialisées leur permettent de faire la différence sur le plan des soins aux patients.
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