Vivre avec le lymphoedème : une étude qualitative des perspectives des femmes sur sa prévention et sa prise en charge à la suite d’un traitement lié au cancer du sein
Abstract
Une méthode de recherche phénoménologique a été utilisée pour explorer le vécu de treize femmes ayant un lymphoedème suite à un traitement lié au cancer du sein. Ces femmes, qui avaient entre 45 et 82 ans et vivaient sur la côte Est du Canada, ont souffert d’un lymphoedème d’une extrémité supérieure pendant au moins un an et ne présentaient pas de maladie cancéreuse active. Des entrevues semi-structurées ont été utilisées pour examiner la souffrance physique et psychosociale éprouvées par les femmes ayant un lymphoedème. L’absence d’un enseignement adéquat en prétraitement et le manque de soutien post-traitement de la part des professionnels de la santé ainsi que l’absence de protocoles efficaces de prévention des lymphoedèmes s’alliaient pour intensifier la souffrance.
L’analyse des données incorporait les six activités de recherche de van Manen (1990) qui constituent le fondement des sciences humaines. Ces stades non séquentiels ont permis de dégager cinq thèmes majeurs : 1) la constance; 2) l’aspiration à la normalité; 3) la quête; 4) l’impact émotionnel; 5) le sentiment d’abandon. Le fil prédominant ou l’essence commune à l’ensemble des cinq thèmes de cette étude a reçu le nom d’isolement existentiel où chaque participante exprimait un sentiment d’isolement, d’être toute seule, d’être laissée à la dérive lorsqu’il lui fallait découvrir ce qu’elle pouvait sur le lymphoedème, au mieux de ses possibilités. Les implications pour les soins infirmiers sont présentées ainsi que les changements recommandés.
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