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Exploration des expériences des patients en matière de fatigue liée au cancer et de leurs stratégies personnelles pour y faire face
Abstract
Chez les patients atteints de cancer, la fatigue est un des effets secondaires les plus prévalents et pénibles. Elle menace la qualité de vie et peut restreindre les activités quotidiennes. Des approches méthodiques d’évaluation et d’intervention sont recommandées en vue de leur mise en oeuvre dans de nombreux centres de cancérologie.
Avant la mise en oeuvre d’un programme structuré de prise en charge de la fatigue, cette étude a été réalisée afin d’explorer les initiatives d’adaptation à la fatigue des patients atteints de cancer. Des entrevues détaillées ont été réalisées auprès de 31 patients recevant de la chimiothérapie en vue de dégager les stratégies qu’ils utilisaient pour composer avec la fatigue éprouvée. Les patients ont pu cerner le moment où ils prenaient conscience de la fatigue et ce qu’ils essayaient de faire pour s’y adapter. La plupart des patients faisaient appel au repos, au sommeil et à la réduction des activités. Relativement peu de patients avaient essayé d’autres stratégies. Beaucoup d’entre eux voyaient dans la fatigue un élément normal du traitement du cancer, une chose qu’ils n’avaient d’autre choix que de supporter. De vives réactions émotionnelles naissaient lorsque la fatigue restreignait une activité que la personne jugeait importante. Il est manifeste que les patients doivent apprendre par tâtonnements en l’absence d’un programme méthodique d’enseignement et que ce genre de programme est susceptible de les aider à composer avec les effets de la fatigue.
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