Assessment of factors associated with positive results using visual inspection with acetic acid or Lugol’s iodine among women screened for cervical cancer at Muhima District Hospital, Rwanda

Cyrille Niyomugabo, Marie Goretti Uwayezu, Margaret I. Fitch

Abstract


Introduction: Cervical cancer is a critical concern to women’s health and lives globally. Visual inspection of the cervix allows identification and early treatment of the presence of a precancerous lesion. In Rwanda, little is known about factors associated with positive visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) or visual Inspection with Lugol’s iodine (VILI) results. The overall objective of this study was to assess the factors associated with positive results of VIA and VILI testing among the women attending Muhima District Hospital for cervical cancer screening.

Methods: This investigation was a descriptive retrospective study conducted at Muhima District Hospital. The study population included 2,160 files of women screened for cervical cancer using VIA/VILI. The Yamane Taro formula was used to identify the necessary study sample equivalent to 339 files. Only 332 of the randomly selected files met all eligibility criteria and were used for analysis. Data were collected using a checklist developed for the purposes of this study and SPSS (version 22) was used for data analysis. Frequency distributions were calculated, and chi-square tests were used to determine the factors associated with positive VIA/ VILI.

Result: The rate of VIA/VILI positive result was 18.07%. The age [AOR (95% CI) = 2.8.9, p-value of 0.00] and number of sex partners [AOR (95% CI) = 8.78, p-value of 0.03] of the participants were significantly associated with positive VIA/VILI results.

Conclusion and recommendation: Positive VIA/VILI results were associated with age and number of sexual partners in this sample of 332 women. The presence of precancerous lesions can be identified through visual inspection using acetic acid or Lugol’s iodine. Screening with this approach could be useful in reducing the burden of cervical cancer, especially in low resource settings.

Keywords: Cervical cancer; positive VIA; positive VIA/VILI; factors associated with positive VIA for cervical cancer

DOI: 10.5737/23688076356872


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References


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