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Description et validation des compétences des infirmières kenyanes en soins de fin de vie à l’aide d’une méthode Delphi modifiée
Abstract
Contexte : Au Kenya, les maladies non transmissibles gagnent en fréquence et le nombre de patients nécessitant des soins de fin de vie dans les hôpitaux de soins actifs ne cesse donc d’augmenter. Malgré les progrès réalisés dans le domaine des soins palliatifs, le milieu de pratique y a peu recours, particulièrement en fin de vie; ainsi, de nombreux patients et leurs proches voient leurs besoins non satisfaits à cette étape. Le but de la présente étude était de décrire et de valider les compétences en soins de fin de vie que doivent posséder les infirmières kenyanes non spécialisées. Cette validation des compétences aidera à mettre sur pied des programmes de perfectionnement en soins palliatifs à l’intention de ce groupe d’infirmières.
Méthodologie : On a procédé à une enquête Delphi modifiée en deux étapes. Un panel de 20 spécialistes du domaine a nommé et validé les compétences infirmières nécessaires à l’administration des soins de fin de vie.
Résultats : Les résultats font ressortir 8 compétences fondamentales : les soins infirmiers palliatifs; la prise en charge de la douleur; le soulagement des symptômes; les questions éthiques et juridiques; les considérations psychosociales, culturelles et spirituelles; la communication; la perte, le chagrin et le deuil; la mort et le mourir. Viennent s’y ajouter 92 sous-compétences que devraient posséder les infirmières généralistes dans 3 domaines d’apprentissage : les connaissances (43), les attitudes (17) et les habiletés ou la pratique (32).
Conclusion : Les compétences en soins de fin de vie nommées dans la présente étude serviront à créer des programmes de formation continue pour les infirmières généralistes des hôpitaux de soins actifs. Ces programmes enrichiront les capacités des infirmières en pratique générale et encourageront la pratique des soins de fin de vie dans les hôpitaux de soins actifs, ce qui améliorera la qualité de vie des patients et de leurs proches.
Mots-clés : soins palliatifs, soins de fin de vie, compétences infirmières, Kenya
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