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Corrélation entre les cartes COOP/WONCA, la version espagnole de l’indicateur de santé perceptuelle de Nottingham et les inventaires de Beck : implications cliniques
Abstract
Contexte : La prévalence accrue du cancer constitue un problème majeur de santé publique en Espagne et dans le monde. En 2023, la Société espagnole d’oncologie médicale avait projeté 279 260 nouveaux cas au pays, les cancers du côlon, du sein, du poumon, de la prostate et de la vessie étant les plus courants. Le cancer demeure l’une des principales causes mondiales de mortalité; il y a eu, en 2018, 18,1 millions de nouveaux cas et 9,5 millions de décès, et ce nombre devrait croître considérablement d’ici 2040. Devant ces statistiques alarmantes, il est urgent de comprendre les besoins complexes des patients atteints de cancer. La présente étude examine les propriétés psychométriques des cartes COOP/WONCA et de l’indicateur de santé perceptuelle de Nottingham, lorsqu’ils sont utilisés en oncologie, pour en évaluer la corrélation avec l’inventaire d’anxiété de Beck et l’inventaire de dépression de Beck.
Méthodologie : Une étude de cohorte analytique et observationnelle a été menée auprès de patients en oncologie sous chimiothérapie ou radiothérapie à l’hôpital général d’Elche, en Espagne. Les cartes COOP/WONCA, la grille de Nottingham et les inventaires de Beck ont été utilisés pour mesurer la qualité de vie liée à la santé (QVLS) ainsi que l’état psychologique avant l’intervention (mesure de référence), 15 jours après le début du traitement, chaque mois pendant le traitement, puis à la fin. Les corrélations ont été analysées à l’aide des coefficients de Pearson et de Spearman.
Résultats : Chez les 75 patients (36 % d’hommes, 64 % de femmes), on a observé des corrélations significatives entre les cartes COOP/WONCA et les rubriques de la grille de Nottingham, notamment pour ce qui touche l’énergie (rho= 0,560), la douleur (rho = 0,520), la mobilité (rho = 0,718), les réactions émotionnelles (rho = 0,662), le sommeil (rho = 0,486), l’isolement social (rho = 0,674), la capacité fonctionnelle (rho = 0,778), et l’ensemble des dimensions p < 0,001. L’amélioration de la qualité de vie liée à la santé (QVLS) était significativement corrélée à une réduction du niveau d’anxiété et de dépression.
Conclusion : Les cartes COOP/WONCA sont efficaces pour évaluer la qualité de vie liée à la santé chez les patients en oncologie, et présentent de fortes corrélations avec la grille de Nottingham et l’état psychologique mesuré à l’aide des inventaires d’anxiété et de dépression de Beck. D’autres recherches seront nécessaires pour étudier leur applicabilité dans différents milieux cliniques et élaborer des mesures d’intervention personnalisées permettant d’intégrer les évaluations de la QVLS.
Mots-clés : cancer, qualité de vie liée à la santé, QVLS, cartes COOP/WONCA, l’indicateur de santé perceptuelle de Nottingham, grille de Nottingham, inventaires d’anxiété et de dépression de Beck, oncologie, soins axés sur le patient.
DOI: 10.5737/23688076352294
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