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Promouvoir la santé par l’autonomisation des femmes, le renforcement des partenariats et le rehaussement des systèmes de soins de santé : un test Pap à la fois
Abstract
Le cancer invasif du col utérin, une forme de la maladie grandement évitable, se classe au 13e rang des cancers les plus répandus chez les Canadiennes de tous les âges et au 3e rang chez celles ayant de 20 à 40 ans (Agence canadienne de la santé publique (ACSP), 2009). Les prestataires de soins de santé savent que l’observance des recommandations canadiennes à l’appui d’un dépistage régulier—au moyen du test Pap—réduit les taux d’incidence et de mortalité (Marcus & Crane, 1998). Pourtant, seulement 30 % des femmes de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador participent régulièrement au dépistage du cancer du col utérin (Newfoundland and Labrador CHI, 2006) et les taux de mortalité sont alarmants. Les données les plus récentes révèlent qu’en 1998, l’incidence s’élevait à 1,5 fois la moyenne nationale (Santé Canada, 1998) tandis que la mortalité provinciale était 2,5 fois plus importante que la moyenne nationale (NLCHI, 2006). Une étude en deux phases menée à Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador cherchait à obtenir une compréhension approfondie des perceptions, des croyances et des attitudes des femmes relativement au dépistage du cancer du col utérin, des raisons derrière la non-participation et enfin, des points de vue personnels en vue d’améliorer l’expérience de dépistage. Sept thèmes principaux ont été dégagés : Facteurs physiques, Facteurs affectifs, Contraintes de la vie, Manque d’éducation, Prestataires de soins, Incidence culturelle et enfin, Contraception/grossesse. Les implications pour la pratique infirmière et pour la recherche future sont examinées.
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