Le vécu du cancer ovarien: réflexions sur la phase diagnostique
Abstract
Cette étude qualitative visait à décrire les perspectives des femmes atteintes de cancer des ovaires relatives à leur vécu du diagnostic, du traitement et des soins de suivi. On a effectué des entrevues auprès des 18 femmes formant l’échantillon accidentel à l’aide d’un guide d’entrevue à questions ouvertes. Cet article porte sur leurs perspectives concernant la période péridiagnostique.
La plupart des femmes participant à l’étude éprouvaient des changements corporels - ballonnement, gain pondéral aux alentours de la taille, indigestion, changements du fonctionnement intestinal et douleur abdominale. Le caractère vague des symptômes et la faible sensibilisation des femmes et, selon ces dernières, celle des professionnels de la santé, entraînaient des retards au niveau du diagnostic et des investigations initiales d’autres systèmes corporels. Les femmes ignoraient souvent leurs symptômes parce qu’elles croyaient que ceux-ci accompagnaient des changements corporels tel que l’accouchement, la ménopause ou les réactions au stress. Souvent, il fallait attendre que les symptômes des femmes deviennent graves ou s’accompagnent de douleur pour qu’elles soient orientées vers les spécialistes pertinents. Mais à ce stade, beaucoup de ces femmes souffraient de fatigue physique et émotionnelle et elles étaient vulnérables et affaiblies alors qu’elles allaient devoir affronter le diagnostic et s’adapter à la pénible série de traitement. Il est évident que la nature subtile et floue des symptômes compliquait la pose d’un diagnostic de cancer des ovaires chez ces femmes, et entraînait des retards liés et aux patientes et aux soignants.
Nos travaux indiquent qu’il est nécessaire de concevoir de meilleurs tests de dépistage et un programme d’éducation des professionnels de la santé, des patientes et du public sur les signes avant-coureurs et les symptômes du cancer ovarien.
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