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La chirurgie d’un jour et le rétablissement chez les femmes qui présentent une lésion suspecte du sein : évaluation d’une intervention infirmière psychoéducative
Abstract
L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer la capacité d’une intervention infirmière basée sur la théorie de l’auto-régulation, nommément l’Intervention sur le focus attentionnel, l’évaluation et la gestion des symptômes (FAEGS), d’aider les femmes atteintes d’un cancer du sein et ayant subi une chirurgie d’un jour à mieux gérer leur douleur et à réduire leur détresse émotionnelle. L’échantillon comprenait 117 patientes atteintes d’un cancer du sein et subissant une intervention chirurgicale en clinique externe à titre de premier traitement anticancéreux. Toutes les participantes ont été interviewées à trois reprises. Elles ont été randomisées dans un groupe expérimental (n = 61) ou dans un groupe contrôle (n = 56) qui recevait les soins habituels. Les membres du groupe expérimental recevaient les interventions en deux séances, soit 3-4 jours et 10-11 jours après la chirurgie. La douleur et la détresse émotionnelle des participantes constituaient les résultats à mesurer. Les résultats après l’intervention FAEGS présentaient d’importantes différences entre les deux groupes, en post-test, dans les domaines suivants : gestion du domicile, perturbation totale de l’humeur, confusion et tension. Ces différences indiquaient que l’intervention avait réussi à atteindre certains des résultats escomptés. Des études ont montré que les interventions infirmières qui sont effectuées au tout début de la période de rétablissement d’une opération liée au cancer du sein jouent un rôle clinique important dans la réduction de la détresse émotionnelle. La théorie de l’auto-régulation pourrait très bien servir de guide dans la création de programmes d’interventions infirmières à l’intention de patients atteints d’un cancer et subissant une chirurgie d’un jour à titre de traitement primaire.
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