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Étude de la portée des soins infirmiers oncologiques spécialisés en essais cliniques : rôles, compétences et pratiques en évolution dans la recherche sur le cancer
Abstract
Contexte : Les infirmières en oncologie qui travaillent à la réalisation des essais cliniques sont un pilier de la recherche et assurent l’équilibre entre les soins aux patients et l’application du protocole. La complexité croissante des essais cliniques et les approches de précision qu’ils requièrent exigent de mettre à jour notre compréhension du rôle des infirmières dans les essais cliniques, ainsi que de leurs compétences et de la pratique en évolution.
Méthodologie : La littérature grise et les bases MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science et Scopus (2018-2025) ont été fouillées. Après un dépouillement en deux étapes, 63 sources ont été retenues. Les données extraites portent sur les responsabilités, les compétences, les modèles de formation, les pratiques émergentes et les résultats rapportés.
Résultats : Dans les 63 études, les infirmières en oncologie spécialistes des essais cliniques s’occupaient d’obtenir le consentement éclairé, de gérer le recrutement et les produits expérimentaux, de surveiller les effets indésirables, de documenter la recherche, de coordonner l’essai clinique et de faire l’enseignement aux patients. Les compétences essentielles comprenaient l’expertise en oncologie, les bonnes pratiques cliniques, la connaissance de la réglementation, la culture de la recherche, la communication et le leadership. Les nouvelles exigences mettent l’accent sur les compétences en santé numérique et les connaissances en génomique. La littérature fait état de disparités en matière de reconnaissance des rôles, de soutien au personnel et d’harmonisation des normes de compétence. Parmi les difficultés signalées figurent l’intensité de la charge de travail, le manque de formations structurées et l’accès inégal aux essais cliniques.
Conclusion : Il s’agit de la première revue exploratoire de portée mondiale depuis 2018 visant à recenser de manière systématique les rôles, les compétences et l’évolution des pratiques des infirmières en oncologie spécialistes des essais cliniques. Les résultats montrent que ces infirmières jouent un rôle essentiel pour la sécurité des participants, l’intégrité des données et la faisabilité des essais. Les priorités pour l’avenir comprennent l’acceptation de compétences mondiales normalisées, l’investissement dans le perfectionnement des ressources humaines et la réduction des lacunes en matière de formation en santé numérique et en génomique pour augmenter et pérenniser les effectifs dans le contexte toujours en évolution de la recherche sur le cancer.
Mots-clés : décentralisation, perfectionnement de la main-d’œuvre, recrutement et rétention des patients, compétences en santé numérique, connaissances en génomique
https://doi.org/10.5737/23688076363335
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